3º ANO
Present Perfect Continuous
Este tempo verbal é utilizado para expressar algum evento ou ação que teve início no passado que ainda está em progresso no presente momento.
A estrutura segue o modelo: pessoa ( SUJEITO ) + have/has been + verbo no gerúndio.
- HAVE PARA I / YOU / WE / THEY
- HAS PARA HE / SHE / IT
AFIRMATIVA
I have been trying to find a better job.
She has been calling her boyfriend since this morning.
I have been trying to find a better job. => Venho tentando encontrar um emprego melhor.
Para formar sentenças no Present Perfect Continuous, usamos as seguintes regras:
Afirmativa:
- have been verb ing, has been verb ing. => to have + to be Past Participle + verbo principal no gerúndio
I have been doing many activities lately.
She has been losing weight since she stopped eating too many sweets.
We have been working together for many years.
Negativa:
- Acrescente "not" depois do verbo auxiliar. Has not been verb ing, Have not been verb ing
I have not been doing this properly.
She has not been talking to us.
Interrogativa:
Inverta o sujeito e o verbo auxiliar.
Where have you been going to school?
Have you been doing your work properly?
Atenção para as expressões mais comuns que indicam este tempo verbal: lately, recently, since, for.
FORM
[ has / have + been + present participle ]
Examples:
You have been waiting here for two hours.
Have you been waiting here for two hours?
You have not been waiting here for two hours.
They have been talking for the last hour.
She has been working at that company for three years.
What have you been doing for the last 30 minutes?
James has been teaching at the university since June.
We have been waiting here for over two hours!
Why has Nancy not been taking her medicine for the last three days?
Recently, I have been feeling really tired.
She has been watching too much television lately.
Have you been exercising lately?
Mary has been feeling a little depressed.
Lisa has not been practicing her English.
What have you been doing?
Sam has had his car for two years.
The present perfect of the verb 'to be' (have/has been) + the present participle of the main verb.
EXAMPLE:
Subject | has/have been | verb+ing |
He | has been | jogging |
Affirmative | |
He has been / She's been | swimming |
Negative | |
He hasn't been | swimming |
Interrogative | |
Has he been | swimming? |
Interrogative negative | |
Hasn't he been | swimming? |
Positive | Negative | Interrogative |
I have been working | I haven't been working | Have I been working? |
You have been working | You haven't been working | Have you been working? |
He, she, it has been living working | He hasn't been working | Has she been working? |
We have been living working | We haven't been working | Have we been working? |
You have been working | You haven't been working | Have you been working? |
They have been working | They haven't been working | Have they been working? |
ACTIVITIES
1- Write the present Perfect continuous tense – affirmative form:
1. I have been taking. (take)
2. I have been walking.( walk )
4. I have been eating.( eat )
5. You have been talking. ( talk )
6. We have been cooking. ( cook )
7. She has been studying English as a Foreign language for four years.( study )
2- Write the present Perfect continuous tense – negative form:
She has not been living here since 2005. ( live )
2. We have not been working on this project for three years. ( work )
3. They have not been acting strangely since they arrived. ( act )
3- Write the present Perfect continuous tense – interrogative form:
1. Have you been playing tennis for very long? (play)
2. You look great! Have he been working out lately?
( work )
3.Have I been thinking about taking a trip to South America. ( think )
PAST PERFECT
FORMA
O Past Perfect é formado pelo verbo auxiliar "have" no passado (had) e o Past Participle do verbo principal. O verbo pode ser regular ( ed ) ou irregular
Ex.: Thomas had been terribly disappointed when he met her.
Afirmativa:
When I arrived there, I saw that I had gone to the wrong place.
They had lived in the same building for two years and didn't know each other.
Forma Interrogativa
Had you been there before?
Had I worked with them?
Forma Negativa
I hadn't seen them until then.
Hugh hadn't realized that the situation was so serious.
USO
Em um contexto já situado no passado, usamos o Past Perfect para mostrar que a ação à qual nos referimos é anterior às que acontecem no texto.
Ex.: I was talking to her, and suddenly, I realized that we had met once before.
Note que o Past Perfect deve estar sempre inserido em um contexto já no passado, ou sua utilização estará errada.
FORM
[ had + past participle ]
Examples:
You had studied English before you moved to New York.
Had you studied English before you moved to New York?
You had not studied English before you moved to New York.
I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai.
I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.
Tony knew Istanbul so well because he had visited the city several times.
Had Susan ever studied Thai before she moved to Thailand?
She only understood the movie because she had read the book.
Kristine had never been to an opera before last night.
We were not able to get a hotel room because we had not booked in advance.
A: Had you ever visited the U.S. before your trip in 2006?
B: Yes, I had been to the U.S. once before.
We had had that car for ten years before it broke down.
By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in London for over eight years.
They felt bad about selling the house because they had owned it for more than forty years.
She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996.
She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996.
She had never seen a bear before she moved to Alaska. Correct
ACTIVITIES
Complete these sentences with the past perfect – affirmative form:
She had danced. ( dance )
2- Write the past perfect – negative form:
We had not played tennis before. (play)
I had not gone to bed by the time you got home. (go)
3- Complete with the past perfect - interrogative form:
